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Programming is required in all business systems and that makes programming courses vitally important. Regardless of this fact, programming courses experience rather high failure rates. There is a need to find the reasons for this kind of state and to determine the methods that can be used in order to improve mentioned situation. This paper gives an overview of conducted research regarding described state and provides a conclusion about the difficulty of programming courses and problems that can be detected. The paper also analyses existing efforts in improving education process and gives conclusion about possible courses of action.